动物源食品中兽药残留高通量快速分析检测技术

High-throughput and fast analysis detection technology of veterinary drug residues in food products of animal origin

随着养殖业的迅猛发展,动物源食品兽药残留问题日益成为食品安全领域的重要内容。动物源食品基质复杂,而其中残留的兽药含量甚微,传统的样品制备及检测方法大多存在检测样品基质种类单一、检测兽药种类范围小、耗时长、重现性差等问题,缺乏一定的通用性和准确性,已不能满足当前社会发展的需要。近年来,随着QuChERS法和高分辨质谱等先进样品制备和检测技术在兽药残留检测分析领域的应用,一批高通量、自动化乃至可视化的快速高效分析检测方法也随之而起,该文即对这些高通量快速样品制备和检测方法进行综述,同时对动物源食品中兽药残留的检测和监控等工作提出建议并进行了展望。

With the rapid development of animal culture, the increasing problem of veterinary drug residues in food products of animal origin has become an important content in the field of food safety. Some problems existed in the traditional sample pretreatment and test methods in animal origin food, which contains complex matrix and trace veterinary drug residues, such as single sample matrix type, limited veterinary drugs, time consumption, poor reproducibility, etc. and mostly, lack of generality and accuracy. Therefore, those methods could no longer meet the needs of the current social development. In recent years, with the applications of the QuChERS （quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe） method and high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS） in the field of the detection and analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal origin food, a batch of high-throughput, automation and visualization advanced sample preparation and detection technology has appeared and become a fast and efficient analysis method. In this paper, the high-throughput and fast sample preparation and detection methods are introduced and the detection and monitoring work of veterinary drug residues in food products of animal origin are suggested and prospected. The QuEChERS method, the Japanese simultaneous determination method of residual veterinary drugs, and column switching techniques coupled to liquid chromatography and/or mass spectrometry were mainly presented at the sample pretreatment part. Besides biochip, biosensor, and visual fast testing techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry relative detection techniques were presented at the instrumental analysis part. These techniques include time-of-flight mass spectrometry （TOF MS）, orbitrap mass spectrometry （orbitrap MS）, which is a kind of Fourier transform mass spectrometry （FTMS）, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry （DART MS）, which belongs to ambient mass spectrometry （AMS） and allows the in situ, real-time, online, high throughput, and low sample-consumption analysis to be performed with no or minimal sample pretreatment. At the same time, some shortcomings of the methods and technology mentioned above were pointed out, such as there are some promoting space relating to purification in the QuChERS method which exists matrix effective, some veterinary drugs library of high resolution mass spectrometry should be established according to the dissociation of relative reference materials （RM） by users themselves, and the analysis range of biochip, biosensor and visual fast testing techniques is relatively narrow, etc. Although the high-throughput and fast test mode is cool, to implement some preventing and control measures, which relates to chemical management, environmental surveillance, and procedure control, is the key to solving the veterinary drug residues problems.