百济佛教寺院遗址的相关问题研究

STUDIES ON THE ISSUES RELATED TO THE BAEKJE BUDDHIST MONASTERY REMAINS

目次一前言二百济佛教寺院遗址的发掘概况三寺院遗址的分布及其与都城的关系四佛寺的平面布局及木塔的建造技术五陵寺、住宅献纳性质的寺刹六结语 一前言 自384年佛教正式传人百济后，汉城（今首尔）、熊津（公州）、泗批（扶馀）等地陆续开始修建寺院。但从目前的发掘调查结果看，除扶馀地域外，首尔、公州等地并未发现百济时期佛教寺院遗址（图一）。迄今扶馀与益山地域共发掘寺院遗址十余处，似均为538年百济迁都泗、砒之后所营建。最近，对日本殖民时期（1910-1945年）发掘过的百济佛寺遗址进行了重新发掘。在发掘过程中，我们修正了以往“挖宝性发掘”所导致的一些错误认识，

In the Sabi Period of Baekje Kingdom （538-660 AD）, the distribution of the Buddhist monasteries in the capital city was similar to that of the Koguryo in and nearby Anhak Palace and inside and outside the Jangan City. During the same period, in the inner and outer cities of the Luoyang City of the Northern Wei Dynasty, in the outer city of the Jiankang City of the Southern Dynasties and in the Daxing-Chang＇an City of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, hundreds of Buddhist monasteries were built, and their distributions were also very similar to that in Sabi City of Baekje Kingdom. The popular pattern of the layout of the samgharama （Buddhist monasteries） in Baekje was the ＂one pagoda and one Buddha hall＂ type centered by the pagoda and the Buddha hall, which was different from the ＂one pagoda and three Buddha halls＂ pattern popular in Py- ongyang area of Koguryo and had its own characteristics~ however, in China at the same time, the Siyuan Buddhist Temple and Yongning Temple of the Northern Wei Dynasty were proven by the excavations to be also in the ＂one pagoda and one Buddha hall＂ pattern, and in the Qinglong Temple in Xi＇an, which was believed to be built in the Sui Dynasty, the same layout was also discovered. The rammed-earth core of the wooden pagodas built in the Northern Dynasties of China has not found its counterparts in the wooden pagodas of Baekje; referring to the historic records, we believe that the structures of the wooden pagodas built in the Sabi Period of Baekje had closer relationship with that of the Southern Dynasties of China. The Neungsan-ri Buddhist temple was built by the descendants of King Seong of Baekje beside his mausoleum to commemorate and worship him. The Chanting Temple built by Xiao Huikai beside his father＇s tomb had similar functions to the Neung-Sa （mausoleum temple） in Baekje, but it is not clear that if the ceremonies of praying for blessings were ever held in Chanting Temple. On the contrary, The Huangji Temple built by Emperor Wu of the South- ern Liang Dynasty beside the mausoleum of his father, Emperor Wen, in 536 AD, was ex- tremely similar to the Neung-Sa in Baekje in terms of both the date and the nature.