天津蓟县青池遗址发掘报告

THE TRIAL EXCAVATION OF THE QINGCHI SITE IN JIXIAN COUNTY,TIANJIN

1997年10月天津文物地图集编辑组赴蓟县文物复查，在五百户乡青池村北1．5公里发现一处古文化遗址，位于于桥水库南岸（图一）。原是州河（又称漯河，《汉书·地理志》称浸水，《水经注》作庚水[1]）的一曲河湾，水面较宽，蓟县八景之一的青池春涨即在此。遗址为突入河湾的丘陵，三面环水，当地称马头山，海拔22米。1990年修建水库防浪护坡，鉴于水库工程对遗址的威胁，1997年对防浪护坡以上的坡下遗存试掘，确定是一处埋藏在山坡沟壑内的新石器时代文化遗存。

The Qingchi Site is located in Wubaihu Township, Jixian County. The remains were distributed at the tops and slopes of the hilly height called ＂Matou （horse head） Hill＂ to the south of the Li River, which is a tributary of Ju River, on the southeast bank of the present- day Yuqiao Reservoir. This site was discovered in 1997, when it was damaged because of the embankment construction of the reservoir. In 1997 through 1999, three terms of rescue ex- cavation were conducted to this site, by which the remains covering 500 sq m were recov- ered. These remains belonged to the cultures of the Neolithic Age, the bronze cultures in the Xia and Shang Dynasties and the culture of the Yan State in the early Western Zhou Dy- nasty. The remains of the Neolithic Age were that of a kind of mixed culture, which could be divided into three phases. The remains of Phase I were composed of that of Xinglongwa Cul- ture and Beifudi Phase I Culture; the contents of the Xinglongwa Culture were the sandy pottery cylindrical jars decorated with bowstring pattern, attached repoussfi designs and in- cised net pattern into three or two registers, as well as pottery bowls and stone cylindrical jars. The cultural elements of the Beifudi Phase I Culture are represented by the basin with straight belly made of pottery tempered with mica, the decoration of which were mainly in- cised and impressed patterns ; some fragments of stands of this culture were also found. The remains of Phase II were also composed of the cultural elements of these two cultures, but their contents largely changed. The cylindrical jars of this phase had thick rim and thick body, the decoration of which were the fine and tidy zigzag pattern; meanwhile, the bowls with ring foot and dou-high stemmed bowls were also popular, and their decorations were the curling cloud patterns formed by fine and tidy S-shaped zigzag patterns intertwined to- gether; the basins with straight belly had flange emerged on the outer edge of the rim and the decoration changed into multiple bowstring pattern; the stands were made into the shape of bird head. The remains of the Phase III, which were found atop the Matou Hill, were composed of the cylindrical jars with thin body and the decoration were scratched strip pat- tern, and the sandy and fine clay pottery bowls with ＂red band rim＂ were found in large amount in the remains of this phase. The remains of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dy- nasty were rich, the features of which were the same as that of the remains of the early Yan Culture found at Liulihe in Beijing, but the elements of the Upper Zhangjiayuan Culture were much noticeable.