Changes in functions,forms,and locations of lead during its anthropogenic flows to provide services

铅元素人为服务归趋中功能、形态与位置的变化(英文)

Knowledge of the changes in a material’s function, form, and location during the transfer and transformation of materials to generate human services will improve our understanding of how humanity interacts with the environment and of how services are formed by human activities. We compared lead’s anthropogenic and biogeochemical cycles and found that the services, pathways, and changes in form requiring the most attention. We traced lead through its life cycle and identified the changes in its functions, forms, and locations by examining technology and engineering information. Lead ore and scrap were the two main anthropogenic sources of lead. When lead provides human services, its main functions included the storage and delivery of electricity, anti-corrosion treatments, and radiation protection; the main forms of lead in these products were Pb, PbO2 and PbSO4, and the main location changed from lithosphere in central China to regions in eastern China.

了解物质在形成人类特定服务的迁移转化过程中功能、形态和位置的变化有助于弄清特定服务的形成过程以及人类活动对自然的影响关系。对比铅元素人为循环与自然循环,关注物质的服务目标、归趋路径和这一过程中物质形态的变化进行分类。追踪铅元素生命周期过程,借助工程技术信息,辨识各阶段铅所发生的功能、形态、地理位置的变化。结果表明,铅矿和废铅资源是人类活动圈中铅元素的两种来源。在向人类提供的服务中,铅元素所具有的主要功能是储存与转移电能、防腐蚀、防辐射,而主要形态则表现为Pb、PbO2和PbSO4等,空间位置呈现为从中国中心区域岩石圈转移到中国东部区域。