巨额减免税是否有效促进中国高新技术产业发展

Do Huge Amounts of Tax Concessions Effectively Promote the Development of Hi-tech Industries in China?

基于全国高新技术产业减免税调查和相关指标的省级面板数据实证研究发现:减免税能有效刺激企业增加研发投入,但短期对研发产出、产业发展速度与规模没有明显效应。就减免税对研发经费投入的影响而言,分税种看,所得税和流转税减免都有显著效应,但后者激励作用更大;分地区看,减免税只对东部企业有显著效应;分经济类型看,减免税对内、外资企业都有显著效应,但对外资企业的刺激作用更强。就减免税对研发人员投入的影响而言,总体上也有显著效应,但分税种、分地区、分经济类型看,只对外资企业有明显刺激作用。因此,我国今后应当将高新技术产业减免税重点由生产、销售环节转到研发投入环节,并保留和完善流转税优惠与所得税优惠并用的税收激励体系。

Based on the provincial panel data from the nationwide survey of tax concessions and relevant indicators of hi-tech industries in China from 2008 to 2010, the empirical analysis shows that tax concessions have significantly promoted R＆D input of firms, while there is no short term significant positive effect on R＆D output, the development speed and the size of the hi-tech industry. From the perspective of the impact of tax concessions on R＆D physical capital input, this study has resulted in the following findings. Among different types of taxes, concessions from corporate income tax as well as taxes on goods and services （especially VAT） can produce significant positive effects, but the latter produces greater effects. Among different regions, only on the firms in the eastern area do tax concessions show significant positive effects. Among different sources of capital, tax concessions indicate significant positive effects on both domestic-funded and overseas-funded firms, but exert a stronger incentive impact on the latter. From the perspective of the impact of tax concessions on R＆D human capital input, tax concessions are also found to have quite significant positive effects on the whole, but among different types of taxes, different regions and capital sources, only on the overseas-funded firms do tax concessions show such effects. Therefore, this paper suggests that in future the emphasis of tax incentives for hi-tech industries in China be put on R＆D input instead of hi-tech products production and sales, and the current tax incentive system through concessions of income tax and taxes on goods and services be continued and improved.