农民环境抗争的历史演变与策略转换——基于宏观结构与微观行动的关联性考察

Historical Development and Strategic Transformation of Farmer' s Environmental Protest ——a Survey of the Correlation between Macro Structure and Micro Action

通过对宏观的政治机会结构变迁与微观的农民环境抗争演变的关联性进行历时性考察发现,二者之间是一种单向度的约束与被约束的关系。农民环境抗争的发生与演变、形式与策略、效果与后果无不受到政治机会结构的形塑、规范和限制。无论是计划经济时期、经济转轨时期抑或市场经济时期,政治机会结构与农民环境抗争之间始终存在不同程度的紧张。这种紧张在牺牲农民环境权益的同时促使环境问题向社会问题和政治问题转化。化解这种紧张的根本之途在于深入改革经济政治体制,理顺中央、地方与农民之间的利益关系,为农民环境权益的表达提供更为通畅、合理的政治机会空间。

A diachronic survey of the correlation between macro transition of political opportunity structure and micro development of farmer＇ s environment protest shows that there is a unidirectional relation between the restricting and the restricted. The rise, development, form, strategy, effect and consequences of farmer＇ s environmental protest are all shaped, standardized and limited by political opportunity structure. No matter in the periods of planned economy, economic transition or market economy, there has always been a tension between the two which pushes the transition of environmental problems into political ones at the cost of farmer＇ s environmental interests. The fundamental way to resolve the tension lies in carrying out reforms in economic and political system, straightening out the interest relationship between the central and local governments and farmers and providing a more smooth and rational space of political opportunity for farmers to express their environmental rights and interests.