论无意思联络数人环境侵权行为的责任分担——以类型化为视角

On Apportionment of Liability of Plural-party Environmental Tort without Intentional Connection from the Perspective of Typology Method

无意思联络数人环境侵权行为是指主观上无意思联络的数个环境侵害行为造成了一个同一、不可分割损害后果的环境侵权行为。以因果关系为分类标准可以将无意思联络数人环境侵权行为分为环境择一危害行为、环境聚合危害行为与环境加算危害行为三种类型,根据风险责任与最终责任区别理论,分别对三种侵害行为的法律责任进行具体分析。环境择一危害行为与环境聚合危害行为的风险责任为连带责任,最终责任为平均分担,而环境加算危害行为的风险责任为按份责任,最终责任则以比例分担为原则,平均分担为补充。

Plural-party environmental tort without intentional connection refers to the integral harm caused by several environmental tort without intentional connection behaviors.According to causality,plural-party environmental tort without intentional connection can be classified into three types:the environmental chosen damage behavior,the environmental collected damage behavior and the environmental accumulated damage behavior.On the basis of the division of vicarious liability and ultimate liability,the environmental chosen damage behavior and the environmental collected damage behavior should undertake the joint liability and average the damage.In addition,the environmental accumulated damage behavior should undertake the pro rata liability and share the damage in proportion or in average.