公共生活与公民教育:学校公民教育的内涵与目标

Public Life and Civic Education:The Connotation and Objective of School Civil Education

公民教育乃是当代教育的基本主题。为了澄清今日学校公民教育的内涵与目标,我们必须追本溯源。古希腊公民的德性完整地显现在自我灵魂的养成和城邦正义的实现过程中;中世纪的基督教对人的灵魂的救赎,就是为了把人从积极的政治生活中撤离出来;现代社会对个体自由的过分强调,使公共生活逐渐衰落,个体的权利诉求与社会法定的义务责任逐渐融入公民的品性之中。当前,学校公民教育应回到原点,重新培植公民教育的理念,以公共生活开启个体的公民教育,对个体实施在公共事务中践行自我德性的公民教育,使个体在学校生活中养成公民意识,把个体造就成明日公民;培养个体的公民实践品格,使个体在公共空间彰显公民的实践品格,积极地生活。

As civic education is the basic topic of the contemporary education, we should trace to its source and clarify the connotation and objective of the today＇s scholastic civil education. In ancient Greek, the virtues of citizens are fully revealed in the maturity of individual souls and the realization of the justice among the city states. In the Middle Age, the churches salvage the soul by means of Christianity and advocate people to withdraw from the active political life. In the modern society, the overemphasis on the individual freedom makes the virtues of citizens gradually equal to the right claim between individuals and society as well as the undertaking of legal obligation, and thus leads to the gradual decline of the public life. So the contemporary education should go back to its source and retrace the idea of civic education that individuals should practice self- virtues in public affairs, and should also delicate itself to opening civil education with public life, to cultivating civil consciousness in school life, and fostering the practical character of citizens. In this way, it can mould individuals into tomorrow＇s citizens, and let them take active part in public space and demonstrate the individual＇s practical character as citizens in public life.