天津市某工业区企业噪声危害现状与控制对策

Present status of noise hazard in a certain industrial area of Tianjin city and its control measurement

目的调查天津市某工业区企业噪声危害情况和职业卫生管理现状,提出噪声危害控制对策。方法对50家企业开展现状调查与工作场所环境噪声检测,按经济类型、规模大小、行业分布进行分析。结果被调查企业以中小型为主,工作场所噪声超标率为26.7%,内资企业超标明显(32.9%),集中在纺织业、食品制造加工业和金属制品业,超标岗位噪声源频谱特性以高频噪声为主。34家企业的2 902人进行职业健康检查,体检率为77.3%,听力损失检出率为17.2%。被调查企业职业卫生管理体系尚不完善,特别是内资企业职业病危害评价开展率、职业病危害防护措施管理制度制定率较低。结论天津市某工业区噪声危害企业职业病防治现状不容乐观,应从企业管理策略、监管部门执法、卫生技术服务等多方面综合实施干预措施,预防职业病发生。

Objective To investigate the basic condition of noise hazard and the present situation of occupational health management in a certain enterprises of an industrial area in Tianjin city, thereby providing a scientific basis for the hazard control. Methods Fifty factories were selected for investigation including the detection of noise level in working place, the analysis were carried out on the basis of the type or properties, size etc. of the factories. Results Most of the surveyed factories were small or medium enterprises, the total unqualified rate of noise was 26. 7%, which even reached 32.9% in domestic enterprises that mainly concentrated upon the textiles, food manufacturing or processing and metal products industries, the noise spectrum characters principally was high-frequency noise. There were 2 902 people in 34 surveyed enterprises accepted occupational health examination in total, the examination rate was 77. 3%, and the prevalence of hearing loss was 17. 2%, besides, the oc- eupational health management system was also imperfect, both the assessment rate for occupational hazard and protection institution development rate were lower. Conclusion The present situation of noise hazard and its control or prevention is not so good in the industrial area of Tianjin city, the comprehensive measures including that consummate management strategy, enhance the law on occupational health and improve health technical service etc. should be further strengthened.