农村养老模式的国际比较及其借鉴

An International Comparison for Rural Pension Mode and It's Enlightenments

按照覆盖范围、保障水平以及养老保险基金的筹集、管理和发放方式,世界各国农村社会的养老保障主要分为社会保险型、社会福利型、个人储蓄型和社会救助型四种模式。这四种养老模式也各有其适用的范围和特点。农村养老模式及其代表国家的实践对中国的启示是:农村社会的养老保险制度必须和国情相适应、循序渐进地解决农民养老保障问题、注重法律规范、政府给予财政支持、建立多层次的农村养老保险体系等。

According to the coverage area, the security level and the way of raising, management and payment of pension funds, the rural pension security can be classified worldwide into four types： social insurance, social welfare, personal sav ings and social assistance. Every pension mode has its advantages and disadvantages. We can learn lessons from the pension modes of other countries ： the rural pension system in China must be consistent with the national conditions and solve the prob lems related to rural pension security step by step. At the same time, we must attach importance to the legal norms and more fi nancial support from the governments. Furthermore, we should build muhi-level system of rural pension insurance.