“丁戊奇荒”期间日本对华赈济及其内在动因初探

Japanese Disaster Relief and Underlying motivation during “Ding-Wu Disaster”( 1876-1879)

以1876—1879年间华北"丁戊奇荒"为契机,外国赈灾力量开始介入中国救灾事务。但鲜为人知的是,日本国内在涩泽荣一、益田孝、岩崎弥太郎和笠野熊吉这四位著名实业家的呼吁与组织下,发起了对华赈济活动。明治天皇及皇后、政府要员、平民百姓均慷慨解囊,襄助善款。与此同时,竹添进一郎又远渡重洋,来到中国就地赈施。本文在占有相关史料的基础上力求再现此一活动的概况,同时,与西方传教士的对华赈济活动进行比较,将其置于日本近代资本主义经济扩张和救灾事业兴起的脉络之中进行考察,以揭示其动因与意义。

The North China ＂Ding-Wu Disaster＂ in 1876 - 1879 relief forces to intervene in China＇s disaster relief affairs presented an opportunity for foreign disaster However, it is rarely known that this was conducted under the appeal of four well-known industrialists in Japan, Shibusawa Ei＇ ichi, Masuda Takasi, Iwasaki Yataro and Kasano Kumakichi, who initiated and launched the China Relief activities. Emperor Meiji and the Empress, government officials, and civilians were all involved, and generously donated to help. At the same time, Takezoe Shin＇ ichiro traveled hundreds of miles to China in order to carry out on-site disaster relief. This paper reconstructs and recovers an overview of this activity based on the relevant historical materials, and aims at revealing the characteristics of Japan＇s Disaster Relief compared with the Western missionaries in China relief activities. Furthermore, the article places Japan＇s Disaster Relief in the pursuit of Japanese modern capitalist economic expansion and the context of the rise of the disaster relief, to reveal its special motivation and significance.