小额信贷机构使命偏移研究述评

Review of Studies on Mission Drift of MFIs

小额信贷机构以扶贫和服务低收入群体为社会目标,随着商业化趋势的不断演进,小额信贷机构为了实现自身财务的可持续发展,出现使命偏移问题。文章系统梳理了小额信贷机构使命偏移的相关研究,认为单纯以平均贷款额度作为衡量指标不够完善,需要完善衡量指标;小额信贷商业化、机构规模扩张和贫困人群自我排除等则是小额信贷机构出现使命偏移的主要原因,在总结相关实证研究的基础上,得出完善机构治理结构、降低交易成本和加强社会绩效管理等能够有效治理使命偏移问题。结合中国发展普惠金融的现实背景,认为避免小额信贷"使命偏移"是真正实现普惠金融的关键问题,从理论和实践两方面提出未来深入研究的重点。

MFIs＇ social goals are lending to alleviate poverty and serve low-income groups. However, with the evolution of the commercial trend, in order to achieve sustainable development of their own finances, MFIs＇ mis- sion appears offset. The paper systematically reviews the research about mission drift of MFIs, and then considers that we need to improve the measurement indicators instead of purely using average loan amount to measure mis- sion drift of MFIs. The main reasons why MFIs appear mission drift are microfinance commercialization, organiza- tion scale expansion and poor self-exclusion mechanism, etc. In summary, based on empirical research, the paper considers improving institutional governance structure, reducing transaction costs and enhancing social performance management can effectively manage mission offset of MFIs. Combined with the realistic background for develop- ment of inclusive financial in China, avoiding mission drift of MFIs is the key issue of truly inclusive finance. From both theoretical and practical aspects, the paper puts forward the focuses of exhaustive study in future.