焦作白庄汉墓M121出土陶仓楼彩绘考

A Painted Pottery Model of Barn Unearthed from Han Dynasty Tomb M121 at Baizhuang

2009年8月12日,在河南省焦作市马村区南水北调安置小区内,焦作市文物工作队发掘了一座西汉晚期砖室墓M121,出土一座四层彩绘陶仓楼。楼高四层,通高112、宽43厘米,由院落、仓体、楼体等组成,各部件可以拆卸组合。四层陶仓楼是焦作市迄今为止发现的第一座通体彩绘的陶仓楼,也是全国唯一的一座。在陶仓楼的楼体及院落的墙体上彩绘有人物、鸟禽,青龙、白虎、朱雀等四神(少玄武)及虎食女魃的神话故事;彩绘运用了直绘法、勾勒法、涂抹法三种绘画技法;用色有朱红、白、紫、黑、黄(橘黄、土黄)、豆青六种颜色,其中以朱红色、白色、紫色、黄色为主色调,色彩艳丽,对比较强。绘画内容繁多,用笔流畅优美,画面生动,且呈现出运动感,充分展现了汉代高超的绘画技艺,是研究西汉时期储粮技术、建筑技术、装饰艺术及绘画艺术的宝贵资料。

In August 2009, a pottery model of barn was unearthed in the foundation of a residence complex in the Macun district, Jiaozuo, Henan province by the Jiaozuo Municipal Archaeological Team from a brick-chambered tomb （M121） dated to the late Western Han dynasty. This four-storey model （height： 112cm, width： 43cm） consists of a courtyard, a storehouse and towers. All parts are detachable. It is the only pottery model of barn ever discovered in China with coloured painting all over. Its surfaces are painted in three different techniques with human figures, birds, legendary animals and the scene of tiger devouring a girl. Among the six colours used to decorate the model, red, white, purple and yellow are dominant. The brightness, sharp contrast and vivid and dynamic images all speak of the superb level of Han dynasty painting. This object is valuable for studying grain storage, architecture and decorative art during the Western Han.