月季花发育过程中花色变化的生理生化研究

Correlation Analysis of Flower Color during Flower Development of Rosa hybrida

以月季‘仙境’为材料,观测其正面和反面花瓣在开花过程中6个阶段的颜色和其花色的L*、a*、b*、C*、h*值变化,花瓣组织结构,以及pH值、花色素含量、类黄酮含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,探讨月季花色的呈色机理。结果显示:(1)半开期时,花瓣正面红色最深,花色苷、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量最高,而可溶性蛋白含量则在盛开期时达到最高。(2)pH越小时,花瓣红色越深,而且pH值小范围内的变动,就能导致花色的改变。(3)花色素大部分集中分布在上表皮,并且上表皮呈圆锥形小突起、下表皮为扁平状,故上表皮花色深于下表皮,亮度小于下表皮。(4)a*正面与pH值、花色苷和可溶性糖含量呈正相关关系;a*反面与L*正面、L*反面、b*反面呈正相关关系;L*正面与b*正面、L*反面与b*反面呈极显著负相关关系。(5)众多影响花色呈现的因素中,正面(反面)花色主要是受到花色素苷(L*反面)的直接作用,其他因素则通过影响花色素苷(L*反面)间接影响花色的呈现。

Floral color, petals structure, pH value, anthocyanin, flavonoid, soluble sugar and protein contents of Rosa hybrida were studied to explain the chromogenic mechanism of floral color. The floral color in dif- ferent blooming stages was measured by the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart（R. H. S. C. C. ） and a CR-10 spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that= （1）The anthocyanins content of petals was the highest before the flowers were completely in blooming, and the same time the color was the most strong. （2）The lower pH value,the darker flower red color. （3）Flower pigment mostly concentrated on the upper epidermis, the upper epidermis distribution of conical structure and the lower epidermis is flats lead to the color of upper epidermis stronger and the brightness is less than lower epidermis. （4）a＊ and pH value,an- thocyanin and soluble sugar, ag and LF ,Ld , b~ are positively related;L＊ and b＊ ,L＊ and b＊ are negatively related. （5）Among many factors influencing of color,front（bank） petal＇s color is directly controlled by an- thocyanin（bank of L＂ ）,other factors indirect influence of floral color by influencing the anthocyanin（bank of L＇）.