英汉语致使运动事件的词汇化

Lexicalization of Caused Motion Events in English and Chinese

致使运动事件是运动事件和使因事件构成的事件复合体。英汉语致使运动事件在动词语义融合和句子建构的表现为:英汉语动词词库大小相似,词汇化模式以[使因+运动]为主;英语以致使位移句式表达,汉语主要以致使运动"把"字句和连动句为主。英语关注事件的过程,突显位移主体与背景的空间变化关系,汉语则关注主体受到的影响,突显主体位移的终点或方向。事件框架概念在英语中呈现一个运动场景,在汉语中多个运动场景连续呈现,汉语对运动概念的表达更加充分和具体。

Caused motion event is an event complex composed of a motion event and a cause event. Verb conflation and syntactic realization of a caused motion event in English and Chinese are as follows： both languages possess the similar number of verb lexicon, with the dominant lexicalization pattern [cause＋motion]; caused motion construction is the typical expression in English while caused motion ＂Ba-construction＂ and serial verb construction are dominant expressions in Chinese. It is also pointed out that English speakers attend more to the process of an event, and therefore spatial relation between figure and ground, while Chinese speakers attend more to the affection of the figure, and thus arrival or direction of the figure moving with the reference to the ground. Event concepts are realized in a single dynamic scene in English whereas in Chinese they are realized in a series of dynamic scenes and the concept of motion is realized in a comparatively elaborate and specific way.