晋西黄土区苹果+大豆间作系统小气候及其对作物生产力的影响

Microclimate and its effects on crop productivity in the Malus pumila and Glycine max intercropping systems on the Loess Plateau of West Shanxi Province

为了评价果农间作系统的生态效益和经济效益,指导果农间作系统的物种选择和行间配置等农艺措施的生产实践,以晋西黄土区山西省吉县3年生苹果＋大豆间作系统（T1）、5年生苹果＋大豆间作系统（T2）、7年生苹果＋大豆间作系统（T3）和大豆单作系统（CK）为对比试验材料,通过布设根障,在分析苹果＋大豆间作系统小气候各因子特征的基础上,利用灰色关联法,研究不同树龄间作系统的小气候综合效应,并评价小气候对作物生产力的影响.结果表明：1）与大豆单作系统相比,苹果＋大豆间作系统光合有效辐射强度降低了30.3％ ～ 59.0％,气温下降了5.9％～17.9％,表层土壤温度下降了14.6％～42.7％,空气相对湿度增加了7.0％ ～ 17.9％;2）随着树龄的增加,苹果＋大豆间作系统对大豆单作系统的小气候关联系数逐渐降低,其中,小气候各因子中,空气相对湿度和光合有效辐射强度与大豆单作系统的关联度最小;3）各树龄苹果＋大豆间作系统的大豆根茎叶生物量和产量均低于大豆单作系统.树龄越大,苹果＋大豆间作系统的光拦截作用和降温增湿作用越明显,小气候综合效应也越强,但各树龄苹果＋大豆间作系统的小气候均会对间作大豆生产力水平产生负面效应.

The objective of this study was to evaluate ecological and economic benefits of the fruit trees and crops intercropping system, and to provide guidance for selection of intereropping species and cropping spacing in the agroforestry systems. Three-year-old Malus pumila and Glycine max intercropping system （T1）, 5-year-old M. pumila and G. max intercropping system （ T2）, 7-year-old M. pumila and G. max intercropping system （T3） , and G. max monoculture system （CK） in Jixian County of Shanxi Province were chosen as experiment objects. Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, temperature, topsoil temperature, aerial relative humidity and the productivity of G. max were quantified, and the comprehensive effect of mieroelimate in the intercropping systems was evaluated by grey correlation analysis based on setting root barriers. Compared with the G. max monoculture system, the intercroppingsystems reduced PAR, air temperature and topsoil temperature by 30.3% - 59.0% , 5.9% - 17.9% and 14.6% -42.7% , respectively, and increased the aerial relative humidity by 7.0% - 17.9%. The correlation coefficients of microclimate between the intercropping systems and the monoculture system gradually decreased with the increase of the age of M. pumila. The interrelations of aerial relative humidity and PAR were lower than that of other microclimate factors. Biomass of root, stem and leaf, and yield of intercropped G. max were lower than those of sole G. max. The effects of intercepted light, dropped temperature and increased humidity, as well as the comprehensive effect of microclimate of the intercropping systems became more evident with the aging of M. pumila, but the microclimate of all intercropping systems could result in the decrease of productivity of intercropped G. max.