部分茶花品种在上海的栽培土壤及生长状况分析

Soil physiochemical variation and growth evaluation of camellia in Shanghai

茶花Camellia spp.在上海各公园绿地中广泛应用,但长势差异明显。为更好地提升茶花在上海的应用效果,对上海茶花栽培土壤的理化性质及不同品种的生长状况等进行了探讨。结果表明:氢离子浓度指数(pH)和水溶性盐浓度(EC)是影响茶花生长的重要土壤因子。金华8个栽培样地的pH 6.66,上海8个样地为pH 7.77;上海地区长势差的品种‘红露珍’‘Hong Luzhen’栽培土壤水溶性盐浓度(EC)为0.22 mS·cm-1,显著高于金华和上海长势良好的栽培土壤。在上海弱碱性土壤条件下,不同茶花品种的适应性差异显著,‘大红金心’‘Dahong Jinxin’‘状元红’‘Zhuangyuan Hong’‘十八学士’‘Shiba Xueshi’等品种在偏碱性土壤中具有较好的适应性。上海植物园培育茶花新品种‘小粉玉’‘Xiao Fenyu’可以在pH 8.16的土壤中正常生长,为茶花在偏碱性土壤中生长和应用提供了可能。

Camellia spp. are widely used in many gardens and green areas of Shanghai. However, their growth patterns are different. To improve distribution and growth status of camellias in Shanghai, the physiochemical characteristics of planting soil and growth evaluation of selected species were studied by morphological and agrologic method. Results indicated that pH and electrical conductivit y(EC) were important soil factors influencing growth. Soil pH in Jinhua was 6.66, but it was 7.77 for 8 selected soil samples in Shanghai. The soil EC for Camellia with the worst growth was 0.22 mS·cm-1, which was significantly higher than the soil for the better growing cultivar ‘Hongluzhen' in Jinhua and Shanghai(P <0.05). In Shanghai, with the same cultivation procedures, different cultivars had different growth characteristics: ‘Dahong Jinxin', ‘Zhuangyuan Hong', and ‘Shiba Xueshi' cultivars can tolerate light alkaline soils. In addition, a new cultivar ‘Xiao Fenyu' grew well in alkaline soil with pH 8.16. [Ch, 1 fig. 3 tab. 10 ref.]