影响周边社区农户对自然保护区建设态度的主要因素分析

Determinants of farmer households' attitudes towards the construction of nature reserve in their neighborhood

自然保护区与周边社区是一个密切联系的有机整体,周边社区农户对自然保护区建设的态度是决定自然保护区能否可持续发展的重要因素。基于浙江与陕西2省8个自然保护区周边24个社区,192个农户生计状况的实地调查数据,在对保护区管理和农户生计状况进行分析的基础上,通过构建Ologit计量模型,定量分析保护区管理、农户生计状况对农户态度的影响。结果表明:自然保护区对周边社区提供就业帮助和建立针对社区的补偿机制,有助于提高周边农户支持意愿,但目前的社区共管和旅游开发等对周边社区农户支持意愿没有显著影响。在当前周边社区农户能源消费结构仍然以薪柴为主的情况下,农户能源消费水平越高对自然保护区发展支持程度越低;农户收入水平对支持态度的影响与预期判断相悖,但实际作用有限。建议进一步完善社区共管机制,充分发挥社区共管模式的效果;建立多元长效补偿渠道,改善农户生计方式,降低周边社区农户对自然保护区的直接依赖。

Nature reserve and its neighborhood communities compose an organic whole. The attitudes of farmer households in the neighborhood towards the construction of nature reserve are important factors of its sustainable development. Based on a survey on the management status of 8 nature reserves and the livelihoods of 192 farmer households in 24 neighborhood communities in Zhejiang and Shaanxi Provinces, this paper analyzed the determinants of farmer households' attitudes towards the nature reserve development in the neighborhood through an Ologit model. The results indicated that if nature reserves could offer job opportunities and establish compensation systems for the communities, farmer households' willingness to support the nature reserve development would be improved. However the existing co-management by the reserves and local communities, and eco-tourism development had no significantly effects on farmer households' willingness to support. The farmer households with high consumption of firewood had lower support for the nature reserve development. The impacts of farmer households' incomes on their willingness to support were contradictory to the estimation and the impacts were limited. This paper suggested that to better develop nature reserves, a co-management mechanism by the reserves and local communities should be improved and its roles should be fully played. Government should establish a long-effect multiple compensation mechanism to improve the livelihoods of local farmers and reduce their direct reliance on the nature reserves. [Ch, 6 tab. 16 ref.]