芳烃绿色硝化催化剂的研究进展

Development on environmental protected nitration catalyst for aromatic hydrocarbon

硝硫混酸硝化法无位置选择性,副反应多,原子经济性差,存在设备腐蚀和环境污染等问题。开发绿色催化剂替代浓H2SO4,实现芳烃选择性硝化成为该领域的研究热点。本文综述金属盐、金属氧化物、固体酸、离子液体等催化剂催化芳烃绿色硝化的研究进展,分析其特点、催化机理及存在问题,并展望清洁硝化的研究方向。

The nitro-sulfuric acid nitrofication process has many drawbacks such as non-regioselectivity, side reactions, less economy of atom, device corrosion and environment pollution. So research on environmental protect- ed catalyst instead of sulfuric is hotspot for aromatic hydrocarbon nitration selectively. Several catalysts of metal- salt, metallic oxide, solid acid and ionic liquid nitration effects on aromatic hydrocarbon were synthesized. The characteristics, catalytic mechanism and problems were analyzed. The future trend of research in environmental protected nitration was prospected.