避雨设施栽培对大樱桃生态环境及生理特性的影响

Effects of Rain- Shelter Cultivation on Ecological Environment and Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Cherry

以8年生‘美早’等大樱桃为试材，研究了固定式塑料薄膜避雨棚对大樱桃生长环境变化、物候期、裂果率、大樱桃生理特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明：避雨棚内的温度、湿度与露地略有差别，但差异不明显；避雨棚内的光照强度比露地低，对大樱桃采光有一定的影响；光线减弱营养生长旺盛，新梢长度变长，粗度降低，节间距变长；叶片叶绿素含量上升，类胡萝卜素/叶绿素的比值和叶绿素a/b比值降低；大樱桃成熟期较露地栽培延迟2～3 d，裂果率在6．2％以下，显著低于露地栽培；防霜冻效果明显；避雨栽培对大樱桃果实品质影响不大，仅VC含量显著低于露地栽培。

Using 8-year-old sweet cherry cultivar ‘Meizao’ and other varieties, the change of growth environment , phenophase , fruit cracking rate , physiological characteristics and fruit quality in fixed plastic rain-shelter were studied .The results showed that the temperature and humidity in rain -shelter were not significantly different from those in the open field .The light intensity in rain-shelter was lower than that in the open field , which had certain influences on the sweet cherry .Compared with control , rain-shelter cultiva-tion promoted the vegetative growth , increased the length of shoots and internode length , but decreased the di-ameter .The content of chlorophyll increased , but the ratios of carotenoid/chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b de-creased.The mature stage of sweet cherry was delayed by 2 ~3 days.The fruit cracking rate was below 6 .2%, which was significantly lower than that of control .And the effect of preventing frost was obvious .The rain-shelter cultivation had no obvious effects on the fruit quality of sweet cherry , except that the VC content was significantly lower than that in the open field .