不同功能菌与有机肥混施对蔬菜生长和赤红壤肥力特性的影响

Effects of mixed application of different functional bacteria and organic fertilizer on vegetable growth and fertility properties of latosolic red earth

通过盆栽试验,研究了固氮菌、溶磷菌、纤维素降解菌与有机肥混合施用对蔬菜株高、生物量和土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、pH值以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性的影响.结果表明：功能菌与有机肥混施,明显促进蔬菜生长.施用两种以上功能菌,可显著增加蔬菜株高,第二茬效果更明显;单施有机肥、功能菌与有机肥混施,可提高蔬菜生物量27.6％～85.7％;与单施有机肥比较,单一功能菌施用,蔬菜生物量没有差异,两种以上功能菌施用,可提高蔬菜生物量16.9％～45.5％,第一茬增加更显著.固氮菌、溶磷菌和纤维素降解菌同时与有机肥混施的效果最好.功能菌施用在一定程度上可降低赤红壤的酸度,施用两种以上功能菌能显著提高土壤pH值、碱解氮.与单施有机肥比较,单一功能菌施用,土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾没有显著差异;两种以上功能菌施用,均能在一定程度上提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶的活性,但降低过氧化氢酶活性.因此,建议施用添加有多种功能菌的生物有机肥,改良肥力低的赤红壤,促进作物生长.

Effects of mixed application of functional bacteria including azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and organic fertilizer on vegetable height and biomass, soil organic matter, N, P, K, pH and catalase, urease, sucrase and cellulase activities under pot experiment were studied in this paper. The results indicated that mixed application of functional bacteria obviously promote vegetable growth. Application of more than two functional bacteria increased vegetable height, particularly for the second planted vegetable. The vegetable biomass increased by 27.6%-85.7% after application of organic fertilizer or mixed application of functional bacteria. Compared with application of organic fertilizer, vegetable biomass had no difference after application of single functional bacteria, whereas vegetable biomass increased by 16.9%-45.5% after applied by more than two functional bacteria, especially for the first planted vegetable. Mixed application of three functional bacteria had the best effect on vegetable growth. Application of functional bacteria can decrease latosolic red earth acidity to some extent, soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzale N increased significantly after applying of more than two functional bacteria. Compared with application of organic fertilizer, soil total N, available P and K had no difference after applying single functional bacteria; urease, sucrase and cellulase activities increased to some extent, whereas catalase activity decreased after applying more than two functional bacteria. Therefore, bio-fertilizers with many kinds of functional bacteria were suggested to apply for improving latosolic red earth with low fertility, and promoting crop growth.