葡萄与黑痘病菌互作叶片细胞结构观察

Observation on Cell Structure of Leaf during Interaction between Grape and Anthracnose

对葡萄与黑痘病菌互作过程的叶片细胞结构变化进行观察,探讨葡萄对黑痘病的细胞学抗性机制。以感黑痘病葡萄品种"粉红玫瑰"及抗黑痘病葡萄品种"凌丰"为材料,采用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术,研究"粉红玫瑰"及"凌丰"葡萄与黑痘病菌互作过程的叶片细胞超微结构变化。扫描电镜观测结果表明,"粉红玫瑰"和"凌丰"两品种葡萄叶片的气孔均分布于下表皮;叶片接种96 h后"凌丰"和"粉红玫瑰"叶片上表皮和下表皮均有菌丝分布,但菌丝的密度"粉红玫瑰"高于"凌丰",同一品种中下表皮的高于上表皮。透射电镜观察结果表明,叶片接种96 h后,"凌丰"和"粉红玫瑰"在与黑痘病菌互作过程中,"凌丰"葡萄叶绿体基粒片层模糊,"粉红玫瑰"叶绿体溶解且空泡较多。抗黑痘病葡萄品种和感黑痘病葡萄品种的叶片细胞的超微结构有明显区别,感黑痘病葡萄品种叶绿体受破坏较严重。

To learn the resistant mechanism of grape to anthracnose,the changes of the cell structure of leaf were studied during the interaction between grape and anthracnose.The changes of the ultrastructure of leaf were studied during the interaction between grape and anthracnose by using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope techniques as resistant variety ‘ Lingfeng＇ Vitis vinifera grape and susceptible variety ‘ Pink Rose＇ （Vitis cinifera） materials.The results from scanning electron microscope showed that stomata was found in lower epidermis ofleaves of‘ Pink Rose＇ and ‘ Lingfeng＇ varieties; there was mycelium on the surface of upper epidermis and lower epidermis of leaves from ‘ Lingfeng＇ and ‘ Pink Rose＇ varieties; ‘ Pink Rose＇ variety was higher than ‘ Lingfeng＇ variety for the mycelium density,and the mycelium density of lower epidermis was higher than upper epidemis for the same variety after 96 hours when grape leaves were inoculated anthracnose.The results from transmission electron microscope showed that some chloroplast were dissolved and a lot of empty cells appeared for ‘ Pink Rose＇ variety,the chloroplast grana lamella of‘ Lingfeng＇ variety were obscured after 96 hours when grape leaves were inoculated anthracnose.There was obvious difference on ultrastructure for resistant and susceptible grape varieties to anthrcnose.The Chloroplast of susceptible grape variety was more damaged than that of resistant grape variety.