太原市初中学校室内外环境与儿童不良建筑综合征的相关性

Junior high school environment exposure in relation to pupil's sick building syndrome in Taiyuan,China

为了解初中学校儿童不良建筑综合征（sickbuildingsyndrome，SBS）、哮喘等疾病的发病率以及室内外环境污染水平和疾病的相关性，在山西省太原市城区初中学校开展了一项横断面研究．本研究采取整群抽样的方法，随机选取10所学校，问卷调查共发放2209份，其中有效问卷1993份（应答率为90．2％）．参与调查的学生平均年龄为13岁（年龄范围11～15岁），其中女孩占49-3％．问卷内容包括SBS症状、哮喘及其他相关疾病的患病情况，SO，，N02和03环境影响因素的测量通过被动吸附采样，以及多因素Logistic回归分析疾病与环境因素的相关性．结果显示，儿童鼻黏膜炎（17．6％）、鼻塞（16．4％）、喉咙干燥（14．9％）、疲乏（20．7％）等症状患病率较高．室内N02与鼻黏膜炎、喉咙干燥、头疼、恶心、湿疹症状呈现正相关（比对比（0R）和95％置信区间（c1）分别为1．16，1．01～1．33；1．16，1．00～1．34；1．24，1．02-1．52；1．30，1．04-1．63；1．86，1．19-2．90）．室内03仅与医生诊断哮喘呈现正相关（1-36，1．02-1．80）．室内S02几乎与所有儿童SBS的症状呈现显著性相关．此外，室内与室外浓度的比值也与部分SBS症状正相关．本研究表明儿童不良建筑综合征与教室室内外环境相关．

Indoor and outdoor environment might be related to children＇s asthma or sick building syndrome （SBS）. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in junior high school in urban areas in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. Ten junior high schools were arbitrarily selected and the population consisted of 2209 pupils （11-15 years of age） in 46 classes, of which 1993 （90.2%） completed the questionnaire. Date on children＇s subjective symptoms compatible with SBS, asthma or other related symptoms were collected and indoor and outdoor SOz, NO2 and O3 were measured by diffusion sampling. The relationship between environmental factors and SBS symptoms was analyzed by multi-level Logistic regression. The prevalence of nasal catarrh （17.6%）, nasal obstruction （16.4%）, dryness in the throat （14.9%） and tiredness （20.7%） was relatively high. Indoor NO2 was positively associated with nasal catarrh （odds ratio （OR） 1.16 with 95% CI of 1.01-1.33）, dryness in the throat （1.16, 1.00-1.34）, headache （1.24, 1.02-1.52）, nausea （1.30, 1.04-1.63） and eczema （1.86, 1.19-2.90）. Indoor 03 was only positively associated with diagnosed asthma （1.36, 1.02-1.80）. Indoor SO2 was positively associated with almost all children＇s sick building syndrome. The ratio between indoor and outdoor concentration was also positively associated with sick building syndrome. In general, indoor and outdoor school environment was associated with children＇ s sick building syndrome.