三江平原垦区城镇化质量测度研究

Study on Measurement of Urbanization Quality in the State Farms, Sanjiang Plain

垦区城镇是我国特殊历史背景下形成的,以从事专业化农业生产活动为主的人口聚居地,是一种特殊的城镇聚落形态。以三江平原垦区城镇宝泉岭、红兴隆、建三江和牡丹江管理局为研究对象,选取了与垦区城镇区位相邻的普通农区城镇以及东部沿海农业大县作为对比样本,并与全国和黑龙江省城镇化质量平均水平横向比较,从经济发展、产业结构、生活水平、社会发展、基础设施以及生态环境等多方面特征构建评价指标体系,基于组合权重法对城镇化质量进行测度。结果表明:垦区城镇化质量普遍偏差;经济总量增长速度较显著,但工业化对城镇化的带动作用不强,服务业发展均衡性较低,新增服务行业发展速度已经滞后;城镇居民潜在的消费能力较大,消费需求的实现能力相对较小,城镇社会事业建设缺失公共财政保障;城镇形成的历史较短,基础设施建设普遍不足,生态环境质量有待进一步改善。

State farm towns were formed against special historical background in China. It is a specific urban settlement pattern where people are engaged in specialized agricultural production. This paper took state farm towns of Baoquanling, Hongxinglong, Jiansanjiang and Mudanjiang in Sanjiang plain as the study objects and selected common agricultural towns which were near the state farms towns and the large agriculture county located in eastern coast as the compared cases to construct an evaluation index system from the aspects of economy development, industry structure, living standard, society development, infrastructure and ecological environment. Combination weight method was used to measure and compare the urbanization quality between state farms towns, common agricultural towns, county located in eastern coast and the average level of Heilongjiang province and China. The results indicated that firstly urbanization quality in state farms was generally very low. Secondly, the growth rate of economic aggregation was significant, but it was not strong for industrialization to promote the urbanization. The development equilibrium of service industry in state farms towns was relatively low and the development speed of new service industry was very slow. Thirdly, potential consumption ability was larger, but the ability of consumption demand to implement was smaller. And there was short of public financial security to the construction of urban social cause. Finally, it was not sufficient for infrastructure construction because the short formation history of state farms towns and ecological environment quality was in need of improvement.