摘要
Single-crystal elastic constants and mechanical hardness of covalent and ionic crystals have been studied using first-principles calculations.The results show that the hardness is dominated by the softest elastic mode,not by the averaged elastic moduli as generally assumed.It reveals that the mechanical stability and anisotropy play an important role in determining the hardness of materials.The concept is then employed in designing hard alloys.By strengthening the softest elastic mode of tungsten carbide,which is the primary component in industrial hard alloys,we show that the carbide can be made even harder by alloying with nitrogen or rhenium via Fermi-level tuning.
Single-crystal elastic constants and mechanical hardness of covalent and ionic crystals have been studied using first-principles calculations. The results show that the hardness is dominated by the softest elastic mode, not by the averaged elastic moduli as generally assumed. It reveals that the mechanical stability and anisotropy play an important role in determining the hardness of materials. The concept is then employed in designing hard alloys. By strengthening the softest elastic mode of tungsten carbide, which is the primary component in industrial hard alloys, we show that the carbide can be made even harder by alloying with nitrogen or rhenium via Fermi-level tuning.
基金
supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB606406, 2009CB623701)
the National Natural Science foundation of China (51071092, 50971015, 51371102, 51371031)
Innovation Method Program (2010IM031300)
Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, and Scientific Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education
