北京市禽类职业暴露人员与居民对人感染H7N9禽流感认知和健康教育需求

Cognition and health education demand of the H7N9 avian influenza in the poultry occupational exposure people and ordinary resident in Beijing

目的了解和比较北京市禽类职业暴露人员与普通居民预防控制(防控)人感染H7N9禽流感的能力,以及健康教育需求现状。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,确定北京市21 703名13岁以上居民为调查对象。通过问卷与访谈相结合方式获取信息资料,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查,问卷主要包括一般情况、知识、态度、行为以及健康教育需求。结果北京市禽类职业暴露人员对于禽流感疫情现状的正确认知率、防控相关知识的正确认知率、行为改变率以及疫情关注比例低于普通居民,而持有中等程度紧张人数比例略高于普通居民。职业暴露人群健康教育需求前5位的是疫情动态(69.2%)、个人预防措施(61.6%)、政府防控举措(58.4%)、传播途径(54.0%)和主要症状(38.6%),略不同于普通居民。不同工种的职业暴露人员的健康教育需求不同。结论禽类职业暴露人员禽流感能力相对薄弱,建议根据不同人群特点和健康教育需求,有的放矢地地开展健康教育工作。

[ Objective] To understand and compare the protective and control ability and demand of the H7N9 avian influenza in poultry occupational exposure people and ordinary resident in Beijing. [ Methods] 21703 residents who were 13 years old or older in Beijing were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The data was collected by questionnaire survey and interview. The questionnaire included general information, health knowledge, attitude, behavior and health education demand. [ Results ] The rate of correct knowledge of the epidemic situation, health knowledge, behavior changing and epidemic situation attention in poultry occupational exposure people were lower than that in ordinary residents, but the rate of holding moderate tension was higher. The top five health education demands of occupational exposure people were epidemic dynamic （ 69. 2% ） , personal precaution （ 61.6% } , government efforts （ 58.4% ） , route of transmission （ 54.0% ） and cardinal symptom （ 38.6% } , was different from ordi- nary residents. Different kinds of occupational exposure people had different health education demands. [ Conclusion] The protec- tive and control ability of poultry occupational exposure people was on a lower level, health education should be carried out based on different people＇s characteristics and health education demands.