健康教育前后成都大学学生对乙型病毒性肝炎防治知识的知晓情况

The awareness of Hepatitis B knowledge among students in Chengdu University after health education

目的评价大学生乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)防治健康教育项目实施的效果。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,在项目实施前后,分别抽取2 315名和2 516名在校大学生,问卷调查大学生的乙肝防治知识知晓情况、对乙肝的态度、疫苗接种情况等,分析比较项目实施前后大学生对乙肝防治知识的知晓率、对乙肝的态度、疫苗接种率的变化。结果通过健康教育,大学生对慢性乙肝可以发展为肝硬化、肝癌的知晓率从69.33%提高到89.79%,对乙肝主要传播途径的知晓率从38.62%提高到84.86%,对乙肝的最有效预防措施从83.54%提高到97.73%(均P<0.05)。尽量回避和HBV携带者交往的比例从7.95%下降到1.63%,不介意和HBV携带者共同进餐的比例从30.50%上升到71.14%(均P<0.05)。乙肝疫苗全程接种率从18.14%提高到82.19%(P<0.05)。大学生乙肝防治知识获取的主要渠道和最喜欢的宣传方式为广播、电视。结论通过项目的实施,在校大学生对乙肝防治知识有了更正确的认识,疫苗接种率有了明显的提高,对HBV携带者的恐惧和歧视心理减弱。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B health education project among undergraduates. [ Methods ] 2315 and 2516 undergraduates were selected before and after the project by multi stage stratified random sampling method. The awareness rate and attitude about hepatitis B and the immunization coverage rate of HB vaccine before and after the project were investigated and analyzed. [ Results] After the health education, the number of the undergraduates who thought hepatitis B could progress to cirrho- sis and liver cancer was increased from 69.33% to 89.79%. The awareness rate of undergraduates about transmission way of hepati- tis B was improved from 38.62% to 84.86% （ P 〈 0.05 }. The awareness rate of undergraduates about the best prevention meas- ures for hepatitis B was increased from 83.54% to 97.73% （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The ratio of undergraduates trying to avoid contacting with HBV carriers was decreased from 7.95 to 1.63%. And the ratio of undergraduates not minding eating together with HBV carrier was increased from 30.05% to 71.14% （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The hepatitis B vaccine full-course coverage rate among the students was im- proved from 18.14% to 82.19% （P 〈0.05）. Most students thought the best way to acquire hepatitis knowledge was by TV and broadcast. [ Conclusion] Through implementation of the project, the awareness of undergraduates about hepatitis B was obviously improved and the hepatitis B vaccine full-course coverage rates were significantly increased. The discrimination against HBV carrier of undergraduates decreased.