理论与技能相结合的集中培训在压疮调研中的应用效果

Effect of theory combined with practice training methods on pressure ulcer survey

目的：探讨理论与技能相结合的集中培训方法对护士掌握压疮相关知识的效果及参与横断面调研的作用。方法压疮调研前，通过自愿报名、科室推荐和护理部审核，选择压疮发生高危科室的42名护理骨干，采用理论培训与技能培训相结合的方法进行为期2个月的培训。理论授课以多媒体为主，技能培训采取人体模型演练、现场训练、教学查房、典型案例共享及疑难问题分析的方式进行。理论考核为培训前后采用统一试卷考核压疮定义和分期，技能考核采用现场提问考评Braden评分及压疮识别准确率情况。结果参加培训的42名护士，培训前理论考核成绩平均为（88．52±2．31）分，培训后平均为（97．16±3．20）分，两者比较差异有统计学意义（t＝-14．193，P＜0．01）；培训前技能考核成绩平均为（86．19±4．68）分，培训后平均为（93．35±2．41）分，两者比较差异有统计学意义（t＝-8．814，P＜0．01）。42名护理骨干按要求完成调研工作。结论采取理论与技能相结合的集中培训方法，提高了临床护士压疮护理知识和技能水平，可以作为今后综合医院选拔压疮调研护士的有效培训方法。

Objective To investigate the effect of a nurse-training program of theory combined with practice training methods on pressure ulcer .Methods Forty-two nurse trainees were selected from different departments where the pressure sore was most likely to occur .A two-month training program was conducted based on multimedia, skill training, on-site training, patient rounds, typical case studies, mannequin, and nbsp;problem analysis .Theoretical examinations were conducted both before and after the program and the skill tests were conducted by the way of on-site intervention .Results Among the forty-two nurses , the mean scores of theoretical examination before and after training were （88.52 ±2.31） and （97.16 ±3.20）, respectively, and the difference was significant （t=-14.193,P〈0.01）.The mean scores of skill test before and after training were （86.19 ±4.68） and （93.35 ±2.41）, respectively, and the difference was significant （t=-8.814, P〈0.01）.The forty-two nurse trainees all passed the tests .Conclusions The training program which combined with theory and practice skills can improve the knowledge and skills of the nurses .It can be served as a model for future training on pressure ulcer treatment by other general hospitals .