消失的背夫:对巴盐古道盐运主体的人类学考察

The Disappeared Salt Poter: Anthropological Survey on the Main Conveyor on Ba Salt Road

背盐是西南少数民族地区陆路运输盐巴的一个职业,它兴盛于交通不便的山区地带,这一职业的存在一方面缓解了水上盐运周期性涨落引发的不便,另一方面解决了周边地区贫苦民众的生存问题。石柱地区背盐行业因其独特的地理位置而兴,并且长期在川西南地区的盐运历史上扮演着重要角色。伴随着盐运的兴起,背夫的出现和组织渐成规则,盐运产生的利益矛盾也不断反映出盐夫之间、商夫之间的利益分配方式和组织原则。作为一个独立群体,背夫为特定时期的经济发展做出了贡献,背盐因其特殊性形成了独具特色的行业文化,它不仅锻造了背夫们独特的心理品性,还引发了区域性经济、文化结构的调整。

Carrying salt on one＆#39;s ba ck was a work in southwest minority areas, which was prevailing in inaccessible mountainous areas. This career reduced the inconvenience without water transport on the one hand, and solved the survival issue of poor people on the other hand. Carrying salt on back arose in Shizhu area for its special location and played an important role in the history of salt transport. With the rise of salt transport, the emergence and organization of poters had its own rules. Conflict arising between salt businesspersons and poters reflected the interest distribution. As an independent group, the poters had contributed to the economic development in the specific period. Because of the special nature, salt poters formed a unique profession culture. It not only shaped the poters＆#39;mind and character, but also triggered the cultural adjustment of regional economic structures.