朱熹与张栻的论学:性体情用心统与性体心用导向心之九义

On the Argument between ZHU Xi and ZHANG Shi

我们讨论朱熹与张栻的论辩,固然需要对文本和历史作出深刻的了解,这是经典诠释的基本要素,但是单纯的经典诠释无法获得本体层面的根源性了解,因之我们尚需采取本体诠释学的方法,从根源上寻求体系的发展与成立。在这个意义上,朱子和胡五峰、张南轩的湖湘学派,是相互引申与相互攻错的关系,而不应将之看作谁是谁非的关系。更重要的是,在这种相互引申、相互攻错的关系之中,吾人可以就孟子以来的心性之学提出九项意义,亦即"心之九义",显示"心"的意义多形多样。我为了彰显与体会其心与性情之际的多形多样而一体之义,乃回顾了四书、二程、胡五峰、张南轩、朱子的学说,在此提出"心"之九种含义之说。

The discussion of the argument between ZHU Xi and ZHANG Shi needs to be based on the basic element of interpretation of classics, namely, the keen insight of literature and history. But the simple interpretation of classics cannot lead to the thorough understanding from ontology level. Ontological hermeneutics should be applied instead so as to look into the establishment and development of the system. In this sense, the thoughts of ZHU Xi and those of Huxiang school, with HU Wu-feng and ZHANG Nan-xuan as its representatives, are actually overlapping and complementary so that neither can be defined as definitely right or wrong. More importantly, based on their complementary relationship, nine points of Mencius＇ ＂Mind has nine meanings＂ can be concluded, manifesting various meanings of mind. With reviews of the Four books, theories of CHENGs, theories of HU Wu-feng, theories of ZHANG Nanxuan, and theories of ZHU Xi, the author proposes the theory of ＂mind has nine meanings＂.