新中国建立之初政治认同的构建——以天津搬运工人为例(1949—1956)

The Construction of Political Identification before the Early Days of the Republic Foundation ——Take the Tianjin Porters as an Example(1949—1956)

搬运工人是天津工人阶级中古老而重要的组成部分,建国初搬运工人对中国共产党的政治认同具有重要的实践意义和研究价值。中国共产党通过消灭脚行的剥削,改善工人的生活,获得工人的利益需求的认同;并以搬运工会为依托和纽带,实施搬运工人的劳动保护、社会救济和其他福利待遇,增强了搬运工人的归属感和认同感;通过系统的文化启蒙教育和思想政治教育,搬运工人树立了领导阶级的意识、主人翁的自豪感和责任感,对共产党认同也升华到价值认同的层面。搬运工人开始向共产党和新政权靠拢,提高了执行政策、方针的自觉性和积极性。搬运工人对共产党政治认同的形成过程,是建国后社会变迁的缩影,也是中国共产党成功进行社会改造的典型例证。

As an ancient yet important part of the working class of Tianjin ,the porters of Tianjin are of practical significance and research value in the political identity of the Communist Party of China after the founding of the PRC .By eliminating the exploitation of the porters ,the Party laid dow n the fares and improved workers＇living standard ,which was in agreement with workers＇demands of interests . Meanwhile ,relying on the union of the porters ,the Party sought for greater interest of the porters by providing labor protection ,social relief and other welfare benefits ,which in turn strengthened a sense of belonging as well as a sense of identification of the porters .And the systematic cultural enlightenment and ideological and political education contributed to the cultivation of a sense of pride ,a sense of leader-ship and a sense of responsibility as a master among the porters ,leading to the sublimation of the sense of value identification with the Party .Porters began to draw close to the Party and their level of con-sciousness ,initiative and creativeness was improved in carrying out the policies .Porters＇political identi-fication with the Communists Party of China was an epitome of the social change after the establishment of People＇s Republic of China ,w hich also served as a typical example of the successful social reform of the Party .