阿瑟·密勒戏剧的犹太写作

On the Jewish Writing in Arthur Miller's Drama

本文从犹太道德观、灾难意识和流散情结等方面分析蕴含在密勒戏剧创作中的犹太特征。密勒早期剧作如《推销员之死》在批评商业社会和美国梦的欺骗性等貌似普世性的主题背后,隐含着强烈的犹太民族意识,即意第绪语文化、道德操守和商业意识等犹太传统母题。随着上世纪中叶美国民主运动的掀起和各少数族裔意识的增强,密勒也和其他少数族裔作家一样表现出强烈的民族意识和身份认同感,其中后期作品如《堕落之后》、《维希事件》和《为了生存而演奏》等开始直面犹太民族的灾难意识,而还有不少戏剧如《美国时钟》和《砸抢之夜》等则充分传达出犹太人散居异国他乡的创伤情结。

This paper analyzes the Jewish characteristics such as Jewish morality, hOlOCaUSt awareness and diasporic complex in Arthur Miller＇s plays. In his early plays such as Death of a Salesman, Miller harshly criticizes the deception of commercial society and the American dream. However, underneath these common themes, there lie a series of traditional Jewish motifs of Yiddish culture, moral codes and commerce awareness. With the development of American democratic movement and the reenforcement of ethnic identity, Miller manifests a strong sense of ethnic awareness and identity. His later plays such as After the Fall, Incidents at lOchy and Playing for Time begin to express directly his empthy for the victims of holocaust. Other plays like The American Clock and The Broken Glass expound a sense of traumatic complex deriving from the Jewish diasporic dwelling to exotic places.