地理集聚是否影响了企业的出口决策?——基于产品技术复杂度的研究

Geographic Agglomeration and the Firm Export Decision——Research Based on Technological Sophistication

利用2000—2007年中国制造业企业的非平衡面板数据，本文从产品技术复杂度出发采用Heck—man选择模型考察了地理集聚对中国出口贸易的微观影响。结果显示，集聚程度的提高改善了企业的出口决策，显著提高了技术复杂度较高企业的出口倾向和出口量，促进了中国出口贸易发展的“二元边际”。分组样本的估计还表明：（1）集聚程度的提高对技术密集型企业出口决策的影响最大，资本密集型企业次之，劳动密集型企业最小，甚至不能显著影响劳动密集型企业的出口量；（2）集聚程度的提高既能促进民营企业的出口概率，又能提高他们的出口量，但是却只能扩大外资企业和国有企业的出口量。

Using the unbalanced panel data of Chinese manufacturing firms during 2000 -2007, we analyze how geographic agglomeration affects firm export based on technological sophistication of the products. We find that geographic agglomeration significantly improves firm export participation and export volume in those industries with high degree of technological sophistication and the effect on firm export participation is much greater. The results of sub-samples also show that （ 1 ） the geographic agglomeration has the greatest impacts on firm export in technology intensive industries; （2） geographic agglomeration improves the export volumes of all the firms, and it increases the export propensity of private firms, but it has no significant impact on the export participation of foreign firms and state-owned firms.