小行为体与国际制度--亚信会议、东盟地区论坛与亚洲安全

Lesser Agents and International Institutions:CICA,ARF and Asian Security

小行为体能否有效建立与主导国际制度?作者试图从亚信会议和东盟地区论坛的经验出发,探讨在大国战略互信缺失、地区安全机制不足的情况下,小行为体发挥主导作用,建设地区安全机制的可能性与条件。亚信会议由哈萨克斯坦倡议成立,东盟地区论坛由东盟倡议成立并主导,二者都属于国际体系中的中小行为体。作者提出,小行为体有效建立并主导国际制度依赖三条路径,即规范制度、网络权力与过程实践。首先,在规范上必须实现普遍规范的本地化改造,在制度建设中须遵循协商一致、循序渐进与低制度化原则。其次,小行为体的主导权来源于网络,即小行为体应能以自已为中心将相关大行为体织入制度网络中,通过网络获得大国认同、进行大国平衡,从而获得制度网络权力。最后,制度动力来源于多重过程与规范实践,过程导向给予制度以发展动力,制度通过主导性实践被界定和强化。作者以亚信会议和东盟地区论坛为例对上述分析框架进行了阐释,并指出小行为体主导国际制度的前提条件与局限性。

Can lesser agents lead international institutions? Based on the experiences of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia(CICA) and the ASEAN Regional Forum(ARF),this paper attempts to explore the possibilities and conditions for lesser agents to lead international institutions in the context of the lack of strategic trust among major powers.Both Kazakhstan and ASEAN are lesser agents in Asia and the international system,and yet the former leads the CICA and the latter the ARF.The paper argues that the leadership of lesser agents in international institutions come from three sources:first,localization of universal norms and relatively low level of institutionalization;second,socializing and balancing in networking,where major powers are networked and socialized and lesser agents gain power through balancing and leveraging;third,institution-building oriented by process and defined by anchoring practices.The CICA and the ARF cases are illustrated to support the argument.In the end,the paper gives a brief analysis of the preconditions and limitations for lesser agents leading international institutions.