印度非缴费型养老金制度发展评述

Review on India's Non-contribution Pension System

1995年印度整合各邦非缴费型养老金,建立了中央和邦两级财政融资的包括现金和实物给付的家计调查型新制度。由于印度养老保障的缴费型支柱发展相对滞后,作为安全网的非缴费型养老金的作用更加突出。文章在梳理印度非缴费型养老金制度发展面临的经济社会背景,回顾其整合的历程的基础上,从实际覆盖率、目标定位性、待遇水平、消除赤贫以及财政负担等方面分析了近20年来取得的成就,总结了制度在长期财务压力、两级政府管理协调以及待遇水平及待遇调整措施等方面存在的问题以及政府近期采取的对策。

In 1995,a new non-contribution pension system was established by integrating old systems at state level in India.The new pension system was financed by both central and state governments and payments including cash and in-kind were granted to impoverished seniors based on means-test calculation.Because of a thwarted development of the contribution pension system in India,the non-contribution pension system has played an important role in old-age protection.This article reviewes the background of the pension system and its evolution,its significance to poverty reduction and financial sustainability as well as the problems and countermeasures involved.