“国大党体制”与印度政治腐败的兴起

The Congress Pary System and the Rise of Political Corruption in India

印度独立后经历了从政治廉洁向政治腐败的重大变迁。学术界对印度政治腐败兴起原因的探讨侧重于经济和文化方面,强调不合理的经济制度和印度教的文化传统对印度腐败的作用。实际上,印度独立后政治腐败的兴起还与政党制度特别是建国初期的"国大党体制"紧密相关。在"国大党体制"下,惠顾型的权力结构,反对党"有效制约"的不足,报刊媒体和政策制定被国大党政府垄断,家族政治和个人集权等因素都是印度政治腐败兴起的重要原因。

Indian politics has experienced dramatic change from honesty to corruption after independence.Previous studies attributed the phenomenon to the prevalent unreasonable economic system and the Hinduist cultural tradition.The author argues that the rise of India-type political corruption,as a matter of fact,is also closely related to the political partisan system of the Congress Party in the early years of the independent India.The contributing factors include power structure of patronage,a lack of checking ability of opposition parties,Congress-dominated government's monopoly of the media,and the family politics and leaders'centralization of power.