云南气候条件下选育水稻光温敏不育系的策略探讨

Strategies Proposed for Development of Two-line Hybrid Rice in Yunnan

云南光温敏雄性不育水稻的研究和利用虽已经历了较长的时期 ,但在不育系的选育和制种上一直未取得较大的突破。在新世纪到来之际 ,为促进云南“两系”杂交稻的育种工作的快速发展 ,本文结合云南气候的光温特点及云南水稻光温敏不育系选育和利用的经验 ,对今后云南水稻光温敏不育系的选育、利用的策略进行了探讨。云南纬度低 ,海拔差异大 ,日可照时数变化较小 ,在云南进行温敏不育系的选育和利用具有十分有利的气候条件。其主要的技术路线是利用海拔差异筛选温敏不育系和在不同海拔进行繁殖制种 ;在选育中运用花药培养技术 ,缩短温敏不育系的选育周期。

Yunnan has launched projects of developing two line hybrid rice for a long time, but few achievements have been obtained in development and utilization of the male sterile lines of photo period genic male sterile (PGMS) and thermo sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS). Through analyses of main climatic factors, variations of day length and temperature in Yunnan, which influence the male sterility of PFMS and TGMS, it has been found that development and utilization of rice TGMS is a more suitable strategy in Yunnan, as screening TGMS lines, multiplication of male sterile lines, and hybrid seed production can be carried out easily in the natural climatic conditions in Yunnan.