聚氯乙烯/偏高岭土基地聚物复合材料的制备和性能

Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Composites

采用聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂与处于地聚合初期凝胶阶段的偏高岭土基地聚物混合、熔融加工的方法制备了PVC/偏高岭土基地聚物复合材料,研究地聚物含量对PVC复合材料加工塑化、力学性能、热性能及断面形貌的影响。发现少量地聚物(如≤8%(wt))的引入可促进PVC树脂的塑化,地聚物分散尺寸较小,在基体中分散较均匀,并与PVC基体有良好的界面结合,可有效发挥地聚物刚性粒子对PVC的增强增韧作用,复合材料有较好的力学性能,其中以4%(wt)的地聚物含量为最佳,其材料的抗冲击强度达到了9.16 kJ?m?2,比纯PVC材料提高了约40%。当地聚物含量过高时,PVC树脂塑化困难,地聚物分散尺寸增大,与PVC基体界面作用减弱,导致复合材料拉伸强度和韧性的下降。随着地聚物含量的增加,PVC复合材料抵抗热变形的能力增加,维卡软化温度升高。

Poly（vinyl chloride）/metokaolin based geopolymer composites were prepared by mixing and melting the poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） resin with initial gel stage geopolymer. Influences of geopolymer content on fusion, mechanical and heat deformation properties, and morphology of fractured section of PVC/geopolymer composites were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of lower content of geopolymer （i.e, ≤8%（wt）） would improve the plasticizing process of PVC resin, and small geopolymer particles are formed and well disperse in PVC matrix with good interface adhesive. In this case, compared with pure PVC, the geopolymer composites have good mechanical properties when their geopolymer contents are less then 8%（wt）, and among them, the geapolymer composite with 4%（wt） geopolymer is the best, its impact strength reaches 9.16 kJ·m-2, which is abont 40%higher than that of pure PVC. When the geopolymer content is too high, the plasticization of PVC becomes difficult, the size of geopolymer particles increases and its interface adhesive with PVC decreases, which would lead to the decrease of tensile and impact strengths of PVC composites. Incorporation of geopolymer would improve the heat deformation resistance of PVC composites, and lead to the increase of Vicat heat deformation temperature of PVC composites.