拥挤收费下居民出行方式选择——基于累积前景理论的分析

ResidentTravel Mode Choice Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory under Congestion Pricing

本文基于行为经济学中的累积前景理论,建立居民出行方式选择行为模型,探讨政府在高峰时段采用拥挤收费政策的情形下,不同收入水平出行者出行方式的选择行为,并用算例的形式分析了不同收费标准对出行方式选择的影响程度。研究结果表明:当拥挤收费至一定额度时,出行者的出行方式发生改变。对于中、低收入水平出行者,分别收费3元、2元时,小汽车出行者的出行方式发生变化;而对于高收入者,收费大于6元时才发生变化;不同收费标准对不同收入水平出行者的出行方式选择的影响程度不同。在高峰时段对居民设置恰当的拥挤收费,可改变其出行方式,减少小汽车出行,从而缓解城市交通拥挤。

Based on cumulative prospect theory of behavioral economics, this paper established a resident travel mode choice behavior model. In the case of congestion pricing policy adopted by the government during peak hours, this paper explored the different in- come levels traveler＇s travel mode choice. Finally, numerical examples are set up to demonstrate the effects of congestion pricing on- to traveler＇s mode choice behavior. The results indicate that travelers will change their travel mode when the government collects a certain amount of congestion charge. Low and middle income travelers change their travel mode when respectively the congestion toll charged 2 yuan and 3 yuan, while the high income travelers will. change their travel mode when the congestion toll increases to 6 yuan. As the charges are different, different income levels travelers＇ travel mode choice affected differently. Setting the proper con- gestion charging during peak hours can make people change their travel mode, reduce car travel, thus it can help ease the traffic congestion.