冰岛地热资源管理对我国地热发展的启示

Iceland's Geothermal Development and the Enlightenment to Our Country for Geothermal Resources Management

地热作为一种清洁能源,对其开发利用越来越受到全世界的重视。冰岛是目前地热开发利用程度最高、经验最丰富的国家,地热能直接利用主要用于采暖、加工、娱乐、融雪、渔业养殖等;间接利用主要用于发电。我国地热直接利用总能量多年来居世界首位,但地热资源开发利用程度还相对较低,资源浪费现象严重,对地热资源的开发利用还不够重视,缺乏统一的全国地热资源勘查开发规划,在地热资源管理、技术、法律制度等方面都遇到一些问题。借鉴冰岛先进经验,得出启示:(1)加强政府引导,充分发挥市场作用,推动地热资源科学开发利用;(2)严格地热能资源开发利用中的环境监管;(3)多元发展,重点攻坚。

As a kind of clean energy, geothermal energy development and utilization are drawing more and more attention in the world. Iceland has the highest degree and richest experience in development and utilization of geothermal energy. Geothermal energy in Iceland is mainly used in heating, manufacturing, entertainment, snow melting and fish farming , indirectly power generation. China has topped the world in total utilization of geothermal resources, but wasted too much, and not paid enough attention to the geothermal resources development and been lack of exploration planning. Its development is still low and China still has the problems in management, technology and legal system. Based on the Iceland＇s advanced experiences, the enlightenment can be obtained as follow. Firstly, the government should strengthen the guidance, allow full play of market, and promote geothermal resources development scientifically. Secondly, environment supervision should be strengthened during development. And third, pluralistic development and difficulties overcoming should be synchronized.