单缸柴油机电起动过程的试验研究

Study on Electric Starting Process of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

本文设计和开发了单缸柴油机起动过程试验装置,包括数据采集系统。在该试验台上分别开展了115和130两款典型单缸柴油机电起动过程实验研究,对不同活塞位置电起动过程历程差异进行对比。结果表明,单缸水冷柴油机在不打开减压开关起动时,活塞起始位置的不同对柴油机起动过程的影响较大。在活塞由吸气行程起动过程中,起动电机将历经起动堵转、峰值堵转和方波堵转三次堵转过程,起动最难;如从排气行程起动,起动电机仅历经一次起动堵转,起动最易;而从压缩行程起动,起动难度介于上述两者之间。试验数据显示,130机型自不同活塞起始位置开始起动,其功耗差约6.18倍,时间历程差约6倍。有效控制活塞起动位置处于排气冲程可有效提高发动机起动性能,大幅度节约起动所需电池能量,实现快速起动。

A device to measure the electronic starting process including the data collecting sys- tem was designed and developed for a single -cylinder diesel engine. Bench tests to 115 and 130 two single -cylinder diesel engines are done to monitor and compare the electric starting process re- garding different piston positions. The results indicated that initial piston starting position had signifi- cant impacts on starting process if the single - cylinder water - cooled diesel engine was started while the pressure reducing switch is off. When piston was started in intake stroke, the starter motor would experience three stalling phases, including startup, peak, and square waveform stall. Therefore, the position was the most difficult to start. While the piston started in the exhaust stroke, only startup stall occurred. So, it was the easiest position to start. If the piston was started at the compression stroke, the easiness to start was between those two conditions as above mentioned. Experimental da- ta shows that 130 engine pistons started at different starting positions have 6.18 times energy con- sumption difference and 6 times time consumption difference. Effective control to the piston starting position in the exhaust stroke can promote engine starting performance, saving battery energy con- sumption and bringing a quick start.