保护性耕作技术推广过程中农民的认知现状及存在的问题

Farmers' Perception and Problems of Conservation Tillage Extension

保护性耕作具有保水、保土等良好的生态效益,已成为可持续农业的重要支撑技术。为了解华北平原保护性耕作在生产和推广过程中农户对保护性耕作的认知情况,在河南省保护性耕作推广示范地区进行农户一对一的问卷调查,以期为保护性耕作技术的完善及技术推广提供依据及指导。分析结果显示,在保护性耕作推广地区,农户普遍接受了保护性耕作模式,玉米的免耕技术和秸秆还田技术得到了大面积的应用,83%的农户对保护性耕作持肯定态度,认为可以培肥地力,保持水土。农户接受保护性耕作主要通过技术推广部门的田间指导,占总数的74%,也多希望通过这种方式进行新技术推广。大部分农户认为秸秆过多、病虫害增加和产量不稳等是限制保护性耕作推广和应用的重要因素,可以通过农机农艺结合、加强政府扶持、选育优良品种和改进配套技术等措施促进保护性耕作技术的发展和推广。

With the benefits of conserving water and soil, conservation tillage has become an important technology for sustainable agriculture. In order to understand farmers＇ perception for conservation tillage during its adoption and extension process in North China Plain, and provide guidance for optimizing this technology, a face-to-face questionnaire survey in conservation tillage demonstration area of Henan province was conducted. The results indicated that the majority of farmers had accepted conservation tillage. No-till with residue retention for maize has been widely adopted in this region. Due to its benefits in saving water and conserving soil, 83% of the farmers had positive attitude towards conservation tillage, while 74% of the total farmers received the technical guidance from the extension department and hoped to have some guidance for conservation tillage from relevant department. The majority of farmers considered the principal limiting factors for adoption of conservation tillage were high amounts of residues, increasing crop diseases and insect pests, arid unstable crop yield. Combining farm machinery with agronomic techniques, strengthening government support, selecting superior cuhivars, and improving matching technologies, etc. can surely promote the development and extension of conservation tillage.