我国城乡居民肉类消费的碳排放特征分析——基于过程生命周期理论

Greenhouse Gases Emission of Urban-rural Residents in Meat consumption—Based on the Life Cycle Approach

基于过程生命周期理论,将肉类消费分解为生产、运输和消费3个阶段,量化了2000～2010年城乡居民肉类消费生命周期的碳排放,并分析其潜在影响因素.结果表明：①城乡居民肉类生命周期碳排总量呈现增长趋势,且城镇居民大于农村居民.肉类生产阶段碳排放量占全生命周期比重最大,运输阶段碳排量增长迅速,消费阶段排放较少;②肉类消费总量和消费结构变化、农村生活能源利用结构不合理以及高耗能低效率的肉类物流现状均是造成我国居民肉类生命周期温室气体排放增长的主要原因;③加强饲养环节的技术革新、建立节能环保畜产品运输流通模式、提倡地产地销以及优化农村地区生活能源利用结构是现阶段肉类消费生命周期各阶段减排的有效措施.

Based on the theory of Process Life Cycle assessment,the consumption of meat is decomposed into three stages：production,transportation and consumption.This paper estimated the greenhouse gas emission of meat consumption by urban-rural residents in each life cycle stage during 2000-2010,and the results show that：① The greenhouse gas emission caused by urban and rural residents exhibited an increasing trend from 2000 to 2010.In each stage of meat life cycle,the emission in the stages of production and transportation accounted for the largest percentage in the whole life style.② Meat consumption structure and home cooking energy consumption structure are the major factors to the difference between urban and rural greenhouse gas emissions.As to the high energy consumption and low efficiency caused by meat logistics,greenhouse gas emissions in the meat life cycle stage of transport growth rapidly.③ From the view of meat life cycle,to enhance the technical innovation in breeding sectors and to establish the energy saving modes of meat transportation and to optimize the use of the structure of living energy are effective and sustainable way for carbon reduction.