食品质量问题的经济学分析——以乳制品为例

The Economic Analysis of Food Quality Issues

近些年,我国食品安全问题层出不穷,引起了公众的广泛关注。通过对需求快速增长下企业应对策略的分析,建立理论框架以求找到影响食品质量的因素,并以乳制品为例应用该框架解释食品质量问题。当需求快速增长时,企业可以提高价格使得供需平衡,也可以降低质量使得供需平衡,企业最终的选择取决于两者的成本。而影响两者成本的因素有很多,如菜单成本、提价后市场份额的丧失、掺假被发现后的惩罚等。为鼓励企业选择提高价格而非降低质量的方式应对供不应求,建议政府采取加强监管、放松价格管制、开放媒体监督、鼓励品牌产品、引入高质量产品的竞争者等措施。

In recent years, food safety issues in china are emerging, which has raised wide public concerns.There are heated debates on the causes of the food quality problems. In this paper, we try to establish a theoreticalframework related to the reactions of food producers to analyses the factors that affect food quality, and we take dair-y industry as an example to explain food quality issues under this framework. There are two options for the sellers tomake the balance between supply and demand when the demand increase rapidly, one is to raise price and the otheris reduce quality. We find that compared with raising price, the producers would like to choose reducing quality.According to our analysis, reducing the cost of price adjustment and raising the cost of quality adjustment would bethe appropriate solution to the food safety problem.