宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎和花粉母细胞发育的细胞学研究

Cytological observation on aerial bulbs and pollen mother cells of Baodi garlic

为了从细胞学角度探讨大蒜的不育性,对宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎的发育、花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程及染色体的异常行为进行观察.结果表明:(1)大蒜的气生鳞茎数量多、长势快;(2)大蒜的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中有27.4%的细胞出现异常分裂现象,包括滞后染色体(7.6%)、染色体桥(9.3%)、染色体断片(1.7%)和微核(9.7%)等异常行为;(3)正常发育的花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时逐渐干枯.花粉母细胞中高频率的染色体结构变异和花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时的干枯可能是导致大蒜不育的重要原因.

To investigate the infertility of garlic from the view of cytology, the development of aerial bulbs, the meiosis and chromosome abnormal behavior were observed in pollen mother cells of Baodi garlic. The results showed that： （1） Large amount aerial bulbs were observed and the growth was fast; （2） 27.4% of the pollen mother cells appeared abnormal cell division, including lagging chromosomes （7.6%）, chromosome bridges （9.3%）, chromosome fragments （1.7%）, micronuclei （9.7%）; （3） The normal pollen mother cells withered in the stage of pollen formation. Overall, the high frequency chromosomes structure variation of pollen mother cells and the withering of pollen mother cells in the formation of pollen may be an important cause for garlic infertility.