伦敦奥运会国内外优秀田径运动员竞赛成败归因

Attribution of Success and Failure of Elite Track-and-field Athletes in London Olympic Games

采用质性研究的方法,探讨伦敦奥运会国内外优秀田径运动员竞赛成败归因倾向.以新浪、腾讯网田径板块对伦敦奥运会的报道、访谈为主要资料,通过质性分析软件Nvivo8.0,运用扎根理论原理,分析出国内外优秀运动员归因方式及其存在的主要差异.表现在:在成功情景中,国内和国外运动员在内外源和可控性维度上存在差异性,且国外运动员更趋向于合理的归因倾向,在稳定性维度上只有国外男子运动员趋向于合理归因.在失败情境中,国内外男子运动员只有在可控性维度上存在差异性,国外男子运动员更趋向于合理归因,但国内男子运动员的归因倾向有其一定的道理;国内外女子运动员在内外源和可控性维度上存在差异,国外女子运动员的归因倾向更合理,在稳定性维度上都倾向于合理归因.

This paper using the method of qualitative research, explores the success and fail- ure attribution tendency of elite track-and-field athletes in London Olympic Games. Based on the grounded theory, the paper analyzes the reports and interviews about these elite athletes on Chinese Web site Sina. corn and Tencent. corn in order to explored the different attribution patterns through the qualitative analysis software NvivoS. O. It is proved that there is different attribution tendency be- tween Chinese athletes and foreign athletes from the perspective of the internal ＆ external dimen- sion, controllable dimension and the stability dimension under successful circumstances, that is, the foreign athletes have more reasonable attribution tendency. Under failure circumstances, foreign male athletes have more reasonable attribution tendency on the controllable dimension than Chinese male athletes whose attribution have their reasons. As for the female athletes, the foreign female athletes have more reasonable attribution tendency than Chinese female athletes on the inside ＆ out- side source, controllable dimension while both of the foreign and Chinese female athletes have rea- sonable attribution tendency on the stability dimension.