生与死的维度:存在主义视域下的《毁灭》

The Dimension of Life and Death——The Understanding and Analysis of Destruction by Virtue of Existentialism

法捷耶夫的小说《毁灭》作为苏联文学的红色经典一度被上世纪90年代以来的文学思潮所淹没,伴着俄罗斯文学去政治化的呼声,《毁灭》因其特殊的社会历史背景被读者冷落。然而如果我们跳出政治意识形态的藩篱再读这部作品,小说却隐含着生与死的这一存在主义命题、展现着对人的生存与死亡的本质探索。笔者以列夫·托尔斯泰和西方存在主义思想的生死观为参照系从契合与超越、个性与集体、传承与创新三个方面重新解析《毁灭》,阐释该作品的存在主义表现,挖掘作品蕴涵的哲思。

As a red classic of the Soviet literature, Fadeyev＇ s novel Destruction has been drowned by the literary which has emerged since the 1990s ; due to the de-politicization of Russian literature, Destruct/on has been left out by readers because of its special social and historical background. However, if we reread the novel without considering its political ideology, we may find that it implies the theme of life and death, a theme of existentialism, and reveals an exploration into the nature of life and death. From the perspective of Leo Tolstoy＇ s and the existentialist view of life and death, this paper, from such aspects as integration and transcendence, individuality and collective, inheritance and innovation, reanalyzes Destruction, interprets the existentialist manifestations in the work, and explores the philosophical implications in it.