酿酒酵母细胞表达异源萜类化合物的研究进展

Progress of heterologous expression of terpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

萜类化合物具有可观的经济价值,但是目前的生产过程复杂、产量低。酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径为萜类化合物的合成提供直接前体,因此酿酒酵母细胞具有合成异源萜类化合物的天然优势。对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径的清晰认识是对其进行有效利用的基础,本文从代谢途径、关键酶的特点和全局调控机制3个方面对该途径进行了介绍。从代谢途径的构建和优化、模块与底盘细胞的适配、模块构建及组装方式的角度概述了酿酒酵母细胞异源合成单萜、倍半烯萜、二萜、三萜类化合物的研究进展。指出实现酿酒酵母高效合成萜类化合物所需要解决的基础问题是对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径进行更为全面了解和对萜类化合物的天然代谢途径进行明确解析;另外,合成生物学的进一步发展也将为此提供应用基础。

Terpene compounds have great economical values,but their production is complex and productivity is low. Mevalonate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides precursors for terpenes,which is the natural advantage to produce terpenes heterologously. The metabolism pathway, key enzymes and global regulatory mechanisms in this pathway were elaborated. And the advances in this pathway in synthesis of monoterpenes,semiterpenes,diterpene,and triterpene are summarized from establishment and optimization of special metabolism pathway,adaption between modules and chassis cells , methods of module construction and assembly. To obtain efficiently engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae,terpene biosynthic pathway and mevalonate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae should be known clearly,and the advance in synthesis biology will be the application foundation.