羧酸酯还原制备醇的方法研究进展

Methods of reducing carboxylic acid ester to alcohol

羧酸酯还原成醇是有机化学中的一类重要反应,有着广泛的用途。在涉及此类还原反应的已有文献资料中,所使用的还原体系包括硼烷、氢化铝锂、二异丁基氢化铝、红铝、金属硼氢化物等,其中,这些体系的还原能力各不相同。本文简要介绍了以上不同还原体系的研究新进展,综述了不同还原体系用于酯还原反应的反应机理,并通过不同还原体系间的比较与实例列举,为酯的还原研究提供了一些新的思路和方法,如还原体系的投料配比、投料顺序及与不同添加剂的配伍均可影响反应结果,使部分反应的收率高达90%以上,并使酯还原成醇的反应以更温和的方式进行。指出反应选择性更好,适用范围更广,反应条件更温和的新试剂、新方法将不断涌现,这将会给羧酸酯还原的领域带来更新的发展。

The reduction of carboxylic acid ester is an important reaction in organic chemistry and has extensive application in organic synthesis. The reduction systems used include borane,LiAlH4, diisobutyl aluminium hydride,sodium dihydro-bis-（2-methoxyethoxy）aluminate,and metal borohydrides reagent systems,wherein the reducing abilities of these systems are different. This paper introduces the progress of reduction systems mentioned above,and reviews reaction mechanism for each ester reaction. Comparison and examples of different reduction systems provide some ideas and methods for the study on reduction of carboxylic acid ester. The result of the reaction can be influenced by reactant ratio,addition sequence,and compatibility with different additives to achieve reaction yield up to 90%and moderate reaction. New agents,new methods with better selectivity,wider application,more moderate reaction conditions will contribute to new development of carboxylic ester reduction.