“红包”的概念、特征和法律属性

The Concept,Characteristics and Legal Attributes of “Red Envelope”

"红包"的概念、特征和法律属性需要进一步明确,以避免立法及法律适用中的混乱。通过对"红包"的历史、理论、立法的分析,可以发现,"红包"实质上是一种行为,其具有六个基本特征:主体特定、主体强弱不对称、对象特定、金额具有不确定性、行为具有职权性以及动机具有复合性。狭义的"红包行为"仅指在医疗活动中,医务人员收取患方给予的合法劳动报酬以外的财物或利益的行为。"红包行为"具有多部门法的法律属性,可以采用民事、行政、刑事等多部门法的手段予以治理。

In order to avoid ambiguity in legislation and legal application, the concept, characteristics and legal attributes of ＂red envelopes＂ need further clarification. Through the analysis of its history, theories and legislation, we can find that a ＂red envelope＂ is in nature a kind of behavior. It consists of six basic characteristics： the specificity of subjects, the asymmetry of subieets＇ power, the specificity of obiects, the uncertainty of the amount of money, the authority of the behavior and the complexity of the motivation. A narrow definition of ＂red envelope behavior＂ only refers to that of the medical staffs charging extra fee or profits besides the legitimate remuneration in medical activities. The ＂red envelope behavior＂ involves the legal attributes of many branch laws, which enables us to treat it by means of civil law, administrative law, criminal law and so on.